8 Lək̓ʷəŋən history, says Cherise Greenfield Gaunt, general manager of Songhees Tours, an Indigenous- owned and operated company that conducts cultural walking and canoe tours within Victoria’s Inner Harbour. “Through the canoe and walking tours, we focus on the understanding of what it means to be a guest on Lək̓ʷəŋən territory,” she says. “This includes teachings about Lekwungen history, land-based knowledge, and the impacts of colonization — and share moments of connection, humor, and hope.” Colorful Colonial History After the first European settlers arrived in the mid 1800s, they were soon followed by immigrants of Chinese ancestry who came to Victoria during the 1858 Fraser River Gold Rush to establish Canada’s first Chinatown. The 1858 gold rush also brought an influx of freed Black settlers from California, at the invitation of the then British colony’s governor of the day, James Douglas, often called the Father of British Columbia. Subsequent waves of early newcomers came from other distant lands. A statue on the David Foster Harbour Walkway, about a one-minute walk west of the temporary Clipper terminal at the Steamship Building on Victoria’s Inner Harbour, commemorates the first Lebanese arrivals to the city in the 1880s. Immigrants also came from Japan, India, Latin America, the Middle East and Africa — as well as from all over Europe. As a result, Victoria in 2026 is much more cosmopolitan than its longstanding reputation as “a bit of Olde England” would suggest. Nevertheless, about 70 percent of Greater Victorians still trace their ancestry back to Britain. People of Chinese and Indigenous ancestry each make up about five percent of the population, according to 2021 Canadian Census data. “Victoria definitely, is still probably the most English city on the coast,” Hallsor says. “But we also are a lot more ethnically diverse than we used to be 30 years ago.” Signs of Olde England and Spain Visitors to Victoria can encounter plenty of signs of its British heritage and multiculturalism on foot within a mile of the Clipper terminal. Downtown is quite flat and walkable and conducive to cycling. Dozens of examples of public art are within a 15-minute walk of the Steamship Terminal. Just three minutes away to the west, on the opposite side of Belmont Street, is Quadra Park. It features a bust of Juan Francisco de la Bogeda y Quadra, a Peruvian sea captain who sailed nearby waters for Spain in the 1790s. Quadra circumnavigated Vancouver Island around the same time as British explorer George Vancouver did. For a few years, the island was named to honor both men. But as the Spanish presence in the region diminished, Quadra’s name was dropped. That explains why Vancouver has the golden statue atop the Parliament buildings while Quadra just gets a bust. City Fit for a Queen In front of the Parliament Buildings, where B.C.’s provincial legislature convenes, is a statue of Queen Victoria, who reigned from 1837 to 1901. The Parliament Buildings have long reigned as Victoria’s most iconic symbol, and are one of signature works of the city’s most revered and colorful architect, Francis Rattenbury. “We were named in her honor, and we were an important strategic location for the British Empire and for the Royal Navy on the Pacific coast,” says DVBA president Bruce Hallsor, who is also a member of the Monarchist League of Canada. The Pacific Fleet of the Royal Canadian Navy is still stationed at Canadian Forces Base Esquimalt six kilometres west of downtown Victoria. Queen Victoria herself never visited her namesake city. But her great-great granddaughter Elizabeth II visited Victoria several times. The first member of the Royal Family to call on Victoria was Edward the Prince of Wales, who laid the foundation stone for Victoria’s statue in 1919. After becoming King Edward VIII, he famously, and scandalously, abdicated the throne after less than in a year in December 1936. Decades later, in 2019, another prominent royal, Prince Harry, his wife Meghan Markle and their infant son Archie spent six weeks at a country estate outside of Victoria shortly before Harry’s high-profile split with the Royal Family. “The monarchy has been an important part of Victoria’s history and Canada’s history,” Hallsor says. “It’s helped to keep us as a distinct nation in North America.” A likeness of Peruvian explorer Juan Francisco de la Bogeda y Quadra adorns Quadra Park on Belleville Street. (Keith Norbury) Statue of the city’s namesake, Queen Victoria, occupies a prominent location in front of the Parliament Buildings. (Destination Greater Victoria)
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