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a national historic site in 1980. It 
occupies the former James Bay 
mud flats, atop 300,000 tons of fill 
reinforced with nearly 3,000 50-foot 
pilings driven into clay, according to 
Terry Reksten’s history of the hotel.
A $65 million makeover of the 
Empress a decade ago included 
installing air-conditioning in the 
guest rooms for the first time. A 
Many of the more than 80 Maclure-
designed houses survive. They 
include Hatley Castle in Colwood, 
built for James Dunsmuir, a former 
B.C. premier and son of coal baron 
Robert Dunsmuir.
The senior Dunsmuir earlier 
commissioned Craigdarroch Castle, 
one of Victoria’s most famed 
edifices.
According to Canada’s Historic 
Places (historic places.ca) other 
downtown heritage sites include 
the Green Block in Trounce 
Alley, designed in 1889 by John 
Teague; the pink Customs House, 
1002 Wharf St., the first federal 
government building in the city — 
designed by T.S. Scott in 1874; the 
original Odd Fellows Hall, 500 Fort 
St., designed in 1862 by Richard 
Lewis and expanded three years 
later; and the former Provincial 
Courthouse building, 28 Bastion 
Sq., designed in 1889 by Hermann 
Otto Tiedemann with a Rattenbury 
addition a decade later.
Other Historic Architects
Other architects also left their 
mark on Victoria, such as John 
Wright, who came to Victoria from 
San Francisco during the 1858 
Fraser River Gold Rush.
In 1861, Wright began a 
partnership with George Sanders. 
Their projects included Fisgard 
Lighthouse and Canada’s oldest 
synagogue in continuous use, 
Congregation Emanu-El. A list 
of their houses “is neither long 
stunning feature of that renovation 
is a two-ton crystal chandelier that 
hovers over the reception lobby. 
Other notable renovation features 
are the new Q at the Empress 
restaurant and bar, a new and 
expanded Fairmont Gold lounge, 
a new Royal Suite, and luxury 
renovations of 464 guest rooms 
and suites.
An earlier renovation in 1988 
revealed a stained-glass dome 
over the Palm Court. In the hotel’s 
early years, ladies seated for tea on 
opposite sides of the room could 
hear each other’s gossip.
During Prohibition, residents would 
secret their liquor under tables or 
behind menus, although Winston 
Churchill purportedly received his 
gin in a tea pot.
More recently, the hotel reopened 
The Bengal, a former cocktail 
lounge, as a restaurant.
Rattenbury's Rival 
Among Rattenbury’s lesser-known 
works are the former Brackman-Ker 
Milling Co. Building, 1420 Broad St., 
which is currently unoccupied and 
for sale. Rattenbury also designed 
a B.C. Electric Railway office at 
Langley and Fort streets. On the 
other side of Langley is the Temple 
Building, a creation of Samuel 
Maclure, a Rattenbury contemporary 
best-known for his stately mansions.
The rivals even collaborated on 
occasion. 
Maclure’s legacy, though, was 
designing houses, in particular 
his Tudor Revival-style mansions. 
ABOVE: Telus Ocean Building, under construction 
in January, reflects Victoria’s modern architectural 
sensibilities. (Keith Norbury)
BELOW: One of Victoria’s many heritage-designated 
homes is at 548 Michigan St. (Nick Russell)
The Customs House, also known as the Malahat 
Building, dates from 1874. (Keith Norbury)
Visitors gather on the Inner Harbour for a Songhees 
Tours walking tour. (Songhees Tours)

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